Seismic interferometry

What is seismic interferometry?

Seismic interferometry is the methodology by which new seismic responses are created by crosscorrelating seismic observations at different receiver locations. Applications range from imaging with ambient noise to data-driven redatuming of controlled-source data. Interested? Click on the picture above for a brief overview. For a more detailed discussion, read Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 1, where we discuss the basic principles step-by-step. We show how virtual sources are created at positions where there are only receivers. Of course no new information is generated by interferometry, but information hidden in noise or in a complex scattering coda, is reorganized into easy interpretable responses that can be further processed by standard tomographic inversion or reflection imaging methodologies. The main strength is that this ''information unraveling'' neither requires knowledge of the subsurface medium parameters nor of the positions or timing of the actual sources. In Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 2 we discuss the underlying theory in more detail and give an overview of recent and new advances. The discussion of each of these advances is necessarily brief, but we include many references for further reading.

Spotlights

JGR Editor's Highlight: Reflection imaging of the Moon's deep interior using deep-moonquake seismic interferometry (2016)
Geophysics Bright Spots: Deblending by direct inversion (2012)
Geophysics Bright Spots: Finite-difference modeling experiments for seismic interferometry (2011)
Geophysics Bright Spots: Introduction to the 75th Anniversary Special Section (2010)
Geophysics Bright Spots: Introduction to the special issue on seismic interferometry (2006)

PhD theses on seismic interferometry

Balestrini, F.I., 2023, Seismic-interferometric applications for near-surface and mineral exploration pdf-file
Liu, J., 2022, Application of advanced seismic techniques for archaeological investigations pdf-file
Hartstra, I.E., 2018, Lithospheric reflection imaging by multidimensional deconvolution of earthquake scattering coda pdf-file
Boullenger, B., 2017, Controlled-source seismic reflection interferometry: Virtual-source retrieval, survey infill and identification of surface multiples pdf-file
Almagro Vidal, C., 2017, Passive seismic interferometry for reflection imaging & monitoring pdf-file
Nishitsuji, Y., 2017, Passive seismic multiscale subsurface imaging and characterization by utilizing natural quakes pdf-file
Konstantaki, L.A. 2016, Imaging and characterization of heterogeneous landfills using geophysical methods pdf-file
Fricke, J.T., 2016, Infrasonic interferometry: Probing the atmosphere with acoustic noise from the oceans pdf-file
Grobbe, N., 2016, Coupled poroelastic waves and electromagnetic fields in layered media: Theory, modeling, and interferometric synthesis pdf-file
van der Neut, J.R., 2012, Interferometric redatuming by multidimensional deconvolution pdf-file
Ruigrok, E.N., 2012, Body-wave seismic interferometry applied to earthquake- and storm-induced wavefields pdf-file
Hunziker, J.W., 2012, Marine controlled-source electromagnetic interferometry pdf-file
Draganov, D.S., 2007, Seismic and electromagnetic interferometry - Retrieval of the Earth's reflection response using crosscorrelation pdf-file

Journal papers on Seismic Interferometry

Copyright: The authors and the publishers: Academie des sciences, Elsevier Masson SAS (Comptes Rendus Geoscience), Acoustical Society of America (Journal of the Acoustical Society of America), American Geophysical Union (Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Geophysical Research, Reviews of Geophysics), American Institute of Physics (Physics Today), American Physical Society (Physical Review E, Physical Review Letters), Elsevier (International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Journal of Applied Geophysics, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research), EMW Publishing (Progress In Electromagnetics Research), European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers (First Break, Geophysical Prospecting, Near Surface Geophysics), European Geosciences Union (Solid Earth), Frontiers (Frontiers in Earth Science), Hindawi Publishing Corporation (International Journal of Geophysics), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation), International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (Studies in Conservation), IOP Publishing (New Journal of Physics), John Wiley & Sons Ltd (Terra Nova), Nature Publishing Group (Nature), Public Service (European Science & Technology), Royal Astronomical Society (Geophysical Journal International), Seismological Society of America (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Seismological Research Letters), Society of Exploration Geophysicists (Geophysics, Interpretation, The Leading Edge), Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences), Springer (European Physical Journal Plus, Earthquake Science, Journal of Seismology, Surveys in Geophysics). These articles may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the authors and the publishers.

(150) Casas, J.A,, and Badi, G.A., and Mikesell, T.D., and Garcia, S.E., and Draganov, D., 2024, Single-station multiparametric seismic monitoring of Copahue Volcano, Argentina-Chile (2018-2023): Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 95.
(149) Shirmohammadi, F., Draganov, D., Veltmeijer, A., Naderloo, M., and Barnhoorn, A., 2024, Feasibility of reservoir monitoring in the Groningen gas field using ghost reflections from seismic interferometry: Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 237, 1018-1029.
(148) Polychronopoulou, K., Malinowski, M., Cyz, M., Martakis, N., Apostolopoulos G., and Draganov, D., 2024, Integrating earthquake-based passive seismic methods in mineral exploration: Case study from the Gerolekas bauxite mining area, Greece: Geophysics, Vol. 89 (1), WB35-WB56.
(147) Hassing, S.H.W., Draganov, D., Janssen, M., Barnhoorn, A., Wolf, K.H.A.A., van den Berg, J., Friebel, M., van Otten, G., Poletto, F., Bellezza, C., Barison, E., Brynjarsson, B., Hjorleifsdottir, V., Obermann, A., Sanchez-Pastor, P., and Durucan, S., 2024, Imaging CO2 reinjection into basalts at the CarbFix2 reinjection reservoir (Hellisheidi, Iceland) with body-wave seismic interferometry: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 72 (5), 1919-1933.
(146) Shirmohammadi, F., Draganov, D., and Ghose, R., 2024, The utilization of ghost reflections retrieved by seismic interferometry for layer-specific characterization of the shallow subsurface: Near Surface Geophysics, Vol. 22, 92-105.
(145) Hartstra, I., and Wapenaar, K., 2023, The impact of crustal scattering on body-wave reflection interferometry by cross-correlation and multidimensional deconvolution: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 235, 1996-2006.
(144) Panea, I., Draganov, D., Bouaru, C.F., Munteanu, I., 2023, Imaging of post-collisional deformations on the NE Tisza continental unit using ambient seismic noise: A case study from the Ticau area, Romania: Terra Nova, Vol. 35 (5), 432-439
(143) Hupe, T.-J., Draganov, D., and Orlowsky, D., 2022, Active and passive-source underground seismic data acquisition: First Break, Vol. 40 (8), 55-59.
(142) Liu, J., Draganov, D., and Ghose, R., 2022, Reducing near-surface artifacts from the crossline direction by full-waveform inversion of interferometric surface waves: Geophysics, Vol. 87 (6), R443-R452.
(141) Chamarczuk, M., Draganov, D., Quiros, D., and Malinowski, M., 2022, Towards adapting reverse vertical seismic profiling for ambient-noise imaging with transient sources: Automatic estimation of stationary-phase receivers for improved retrieval of the interferometric Green's function: Geophysics, Vol. 87 (6), KS169-KS182.
(140) Chamarczuk, M., Malinowski, M., Draganov, D., Koivisto, E., Heinonen, S., and Rotsa, S., 2022, Reflection imaging of complex geology in a crystalline environment using virtual-source seismology: case study from the Kylylahti polymetallic mine, Finland: Solid Earth, Vol. 13, 705-723.
(139) Ma, X., Kirichek, A., Heller, K., and Draganov, D., 2022, Estimating P- and S-wave velocities in fluid mud using seismic interferometry: Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 10, 806721.
(138) Ma, X., Kirichek, A., Shakeel, A., Heller, K., and Draganov, D., 2021, Laboratory seismic measurements for layer-specific description of fluid mud and for linking seismic velocities to rheological properties: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 149 (6), 3862-3877.
(137) Chamarczuk, M., Malinowski, M., Draganov, D., Grant, A., Asgharzadeh, M., and Urosevic, M., 2021, Characterization of drilling-related noise and curvelet-based evaluation of seismic-interferometric reflections for imaging of iron-bearing formations in Pilbara,Western Australia: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 226, 377-404.
(136) Liu, J., Draganov, D., Ghose, R., and Bourgeois, Q., 2021, Near-surface diffractor detection at archaeological sites based on an interferometric workflow: Geophysics, Vol. 86 (3), WB1-WB11.
(135) Barrera, D.F., Schleicher, J., and Brackenhoff, J., 2021, Interferometric redatuming by deconvolution and correlation-based focusing: Geophysics, Vol. 86 (1), Q1-Q13.
(134) Chamarczuk, M., Malinowski, M., and Draganov, D., 2021, 2D body-wave seismic interferometry as a tool for reconnaissance studies and optimization of passive reflection seismic surveys in hardrock environments: Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 187, 104288.
(133) Nishitsuji, Y., Ruigrok, E., and Draganov, D., 2020, Azimuthal anisotropy of the Megaregolith at the Apollo 14 landing site: Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets, Vol. 125, e2019JE006126 Download from JGR website via this html-link
(132) Casas, J.A., Badi, G.A., Franco, L., and Draganov, D., 2020, Seismic interferometry applied to regional and teleseismic events recorded at Planchon-Peteroa Volcanic Complex, Argentina-Chile: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 393, 106805.
(131) Balestrini, F., Draganov, D., Malehmir, A., Marsden, P., and Ghose, R., 2020, Improved target illumination at Ludvika mines of Sweden through seismic-interferometric surface-wave suppression: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 68 (1), 200-213.
(130) Polychronopoulou, K., Lois, A., and Draganov, D., 2020, Body-wave passive seismic interferometry revisited: mining exploration using the body waves of local microearthquakes: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 68 (1), 232-253.
(129) Martins, J.E., Weemstra, C., Ruigrok, E., Verdel, A., Jousset, P., and Hersir, G.P., 2020, 3D S-wave velocity imaging of Reykjanes Peninsula high-enthalpy geothermal fields with ambient-noise tomography: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 391, 106685. Download from JVGR website via this html-link
(128) Chamarczuk, M., Nishitsuji, Y., Malinowski, M., and Draganov, D., 2020, Unsupervised learning used in automatic detection and classification of ambient-noise recordings from a large-N array: Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 91, 370-389.
(127) van IJsseldijk, J., Ruigrok, E., Verdel, A., and Weemstra, C., 2019, Shallow crustal imaging using distant, high-magnitude earthquakes: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 219, 1082-1091.
(126) Andres, J., Draganov, D., Schimmel, M., Ayarza, P., Palomeras, I., Ruiz, M., and Carbonell, R., 2019, Lithospheric image of the Central Iberian Zone (Iberian Massif) using global-phase seismic interferometry: Solid Earth, Vol. 10, 1937-1950.
(125) Place, J., Draganov, D., Malehmir, A., Juhlin, C., and Wijns, C., 2019, Crosscoherence-based interferometry for the retrieval of first arrivals and subsequent tomographic imaging of differential weathering: Geophysics, Vol. 84 (4), Q37-Q48.
(124) Chamarczuk, M., Malinowski, M., Nishitsuji, Y., Thorbecke, J., Koivisto, E., Heinonen, S., Juurela, S., Mezyk, M., and Draganov, D., 2019, Automatic 3D illumination-diagnosis method for large-N arrays: Robust data scanner and machine-learning feature provider: Geophysics, Vol. 84 (3), Q13-Q25.
(123) Martins, J.E., Ruigrok, E., Draganov, D., Hooper, A., Hanssen, R.F., White, R.S., and Soosalu, H., 2019, Imaging Torfajokull's magmatic plumbing system with seismic interferometry and phase velocity surface wave tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, Vol. 124, 2920-2940 Download from JGR website via this html-link
(122) Casas, J.A., Draganov, D., Badi, G.A., Manassero, M.C., Olivera Craig, V.H., Franco Marin, L., Gomez, M., and Ruigrok, E., 2019, Seismic interferometry applied to local fracture seismicity recorded at Planchon-Peteroa Volcanic Complex, Argentina-Chile: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Vol. 92, 2183-134-144.
(121) Almagro Vidal, C., van der Neut, J., and Wapenaar, K., 2019, Reciprocity-based passive monitoring with individual sources: Geophysics, Vol. 84 (2), KS29-KS38.
(120) Casas, J.A., Mikesell, T.D., Draganov, D., Lepore, S., Badi, G.A., Franco, L., and Gomez, M., 2018, Shallow S-Wave velocity structure from ambient seismic noise at Planchon-Peteroa Volcanic Complex, Argentina-Chile: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 108 (4), 2183-2198.
(119) Almagro Vidal, C., van der Neut, J., Verdel, A., Hartstra, I.E., and Wapenaar, K., 2018, Passive body-wave interferometric imaging with directionally constrained migration: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 215, 1022-1036.
(118) Cheng, F., Draganov, D., Xia, J., Hu, Y., and Liu, J., 2018, Q-estimation using seismic interferometry from vertical well data: Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 159, 16-22.
(117) Liu, J., Draganov, D., and Ghose, R., 2018, Seismic interferometry facilitating the imaging of shallow shear-wave reflections hidden beneath surface waves: Near Surface Geophysics, Vol. 16, 372-382.
(116) Lindner, F., Weemstra, C., Walter, F., and Hadziioannou, C., 2018, Towards monitoring the englacial fracture state using virtual-reflector seismology: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 214, 825-844.
(115) Hartstra, I.E., Almagro Vidal, C., and Wapenaar, K., 2018, Retrieval of elastodynamic reflections from passive double-couple recordings: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, Vol. 123, 3197-3207.
(114) Harmankaya, U., Kaslilar, A., Wapenaar, K., and Draganov, D., 2018, Locating scatterers while drilling using noise records due to tunnel boring machine: Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 152, 86-99.
(113) Draganov, D., Hunziker, J., Heller, K., Gutkowski, K., and Marte, F., 2018, High-resolution ultrasonic imaging of artworks with seismic interferometry for their conservation and restoration: Studies in Conservation, Vol. 63, doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2018.1437870.
(112) Weemstra, C., Wapenaar, K., and van Dalen, K.N., 2017, Reflecting boundary conditions for interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 142 (4), 2242-2257. Copyright (2017) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. Online Abstract.
(111) Hartstra, I.E., Almagro Vidal, C., and Wapenaar, K., 2017, Full-field multidimensional deconvolution to retrieve body-wave reflections from sparse passive sources: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 210, 609-620.
(110) Ruigrok, E., Gibbons, S., and Wapenaar, K., 2017, Cross-correlation beamforming: J. Seism., Vol. 21, 495-508.
(109) Evers, L.G., Wapenaar, K., Heaney, K.D., and Snellen, M., 2017, Deep ocean sound speed characteristics passively derived from the ambient acoustic noise field: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 210, 27-33.
(108) Cheraghi, S., White, D.J., Draganov, D., Bellefleur, G., Craven, J.A., and Roberts, B., 2017, Passive seismic reflection interferometry: A case study from the Aquistore CO2 storage site, Saskatchewan, Canada: Geophysics, Vol. 82 (3), B79-B93.
(107) Planes, T., Rittgers, J.B., Mooney, M.A., Kanning, W., and Draganov, D., 2017, Monitoring the tidal response of a sea levee with ambient seismic noise: Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 138, 255-263.
(106) Weemstra, C., Draganov, D., Ruigrok, E.N., Hunziker, J., Gomez, M., and Wapenaar, K., 2017, Application of seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution to ambient seismic noise recorded in Malargue, Argentina: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 208, 693-714.
(105) Kastle, E.D., Soomro, R., Weemstra, C., Boschi, L., and Meier, T., 2016, Two-receiver measurements of phase velocity: cross-validation of ambient-noise and earthquake-based observations: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 207, 1493-1512.
(104) Boullenger, B., and Draganov, D., 2016, Interferometric identification of surface-related multiples: Geophysics, Vol. 81 (6), Q41-Q52.
(103) Nishitsuji, Y., Minato, S., Boullenger, B., Gomez, M., Wapenaar, K., and Draganov, D., 2016, Crustal-scale reflection imaging and interpretation by passive seismic interferometry using local earthquakes: Interpretation, Vol. 4 (3), SJ29-SJ53.
(102) Nishitsuji, Y., Ruigrok, E., Gomez, M., Wapenaar, K., and Draganov, D., 2016, Reflection imaging of aseismic zones of the Nazca slab by global-phase seismic interferometry: Interpretation, Vol. 4 (3), SJ1-SJ16.
(101) Ball, J.S., Godin, O.A., Evers, L.G., and Lv, C., 2016, Long-range correlations of microseism-band pressure fluctuations in the ocean: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 206, 825-834.
(100) Nishitsuji, Y., Rowe, C., Wapenaar, K., and Draganov, D., 2016, Reflection imaging of the Moon's deep interior using deep-moonquake seismic interferometry: Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets, Vol. 121, 695-713. Editor's Highlight html-link
(99) Liu, Y., Draganov, D., Wapenaar, K., and Arntsen, B., 2016, Retrieving virtual reflection responses at drill-bit positions using seismic interferometry with drill-bit noise: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 64, 348-360.
(98) Korostelev, F., Leroy, S., Keir, D., Weemstra, C., Boschi, L., Molinari, I., Ahmed, A., Stuart, G.W., Rolandone, F., Khanbari, K., and Al-Lazki, A., 2016, Magmatism at continental passive margins inferred from ambient-noise phase-velocity in the Gulf of Aden: Terra Nova, Vol. 28, 19-26.
(97) Van der Neut, J., Alexandrov, D., and Bakulin, A., 2016, Shallow virtual source redatuming by multi-dimensional deconvolution: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 64, 4-18.
(96) Konstantaki, L.A., Draganov, D., Ghose, R., and Heimovaara, T., 2015, Seismic interferometry as a tool for improved imaging of the heterogeneities in the body of a landfill: Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 122, 28-39.
(95) Draganov, D., and Ruigrok, E., 2015, Passive seismic interferometry for subsurface imaging: in M. Beer, I.A. Kougioumtzoglou, E. Patelli, and I.S.-K. Au, Eds., Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering (Springer).
(94) Boschi, L., and Weemstra, C., 2015, Stationary-phase integrals in the cross correlation of ambient noise: Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 53, 411-451.
(93) Van der Neut, J., and Wapenaar, K., 2015, Point-spread functions for interferometric imaging: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 63, 1033-1049. (Best paper award, Geophysical Prospecting, 2015)
(92) Korostelev, F., Weemstra, C., Leroy, S., Boschi, L., Keir, D., Ren, Y., Molinari, I., Ahmed, A., Stuart, G.W., Rolandone, F., Khanbari, K., Hammond, J.O.S., Kendall, J.M., Doubre, C., Al Ganad, I., Goitom, B., and Ayele, A., 2015, Magmatism on rift flanks: Insights from ambient noise phase velocity in Afar region: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, 2179-2188.
(91) Poletto, F., Farina, B., Bohm, G., and Wapenaar, K., 2015, Seismic interferometry by tangent-phase correction: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 63, 567-586.
(90) van Dalen, K.N., Mikesell, T.D., Ruigrok, E.N., and Wapenaar, K., 2015, Retrieving surface waves from ambient seismic noise using seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, Vol. 120, 944-961.
(89) Boullenger, B., Verdel, A., Paap, B., Thorbecke, J., and Draganov, D., 2015, Studying CO2 storage with ambient-noise seismic interferometry: A combined numerical feasibility study and field-data example for Ketzin, Germany: Geophysics, Vol. 80 (1), Q1-Q13.
(88) Draganov, D., Ruigrok, E., Ghose, R., Mikesell, D., and van Wijk, K., 2015, Quality-factor and reflection-coefficient estimation using surface-wave ghost reflections from subvertical structures: Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 112, 206-214.
(87) Li, J., Zeng, Z., Slob, E., Chen, X., and Liu, F., 2014, Simulation of GPR passive interferometry using cross-correlation for LNAPL model monitoring application: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 199, 1919-1928.
(86) Kaslilar, A., Harmankaya, U., van Wijk, K., Wapenaar, K., and Draganov, D., 2014, Estimating location of scatterers using seismic interferometry of scattered Rayleigh waves: Near Surface Geophysics, Vol. 12, 721-730.
(85) Fricke, J.T., Evers, L.G., Smets, P.S.M., Wapenaar, K., and Simons, D.G., 2014, Infrasonic interferometry applied to microbaroms observed at the Large Aperture Infrasound Array in the Netherlands: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, Vol. 119, 9654-9665.
(84) Frank, J., Ruigrok, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2014, Shear wave seismic interferometry for lithospheric imaging: Application to southern Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, Vol. 119, 5713-5726.
(83) Almagro Vidal, C., Draganov, D., van der Neut, J., Drijkoningen, G., and Wapenaar, K., 2014, Retrieval of reflections from ambient noise using illumination diagnosis: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 198, 1572-1584.
(82) Ruigrok, E., 2014, Receiver-pair seismic interferometry applied to body-wave USArray data: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 198, 895-905.
(81) Panea,I., Draganov, D., Almagro Vidal, C., and Mocanu, V., 2014, Retrieval of reflections from ambient noise recorded in the Mizil area, Romania: Geophysics, Vol. 79 (3), Q31-Q42.
(80) van Dalen, K., Wapenaar, K., and Halliday, D., 2014, Surface wave retrieval in layered media using seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 196, 230-242.
(79) Kaslilar, A., Harmankaya, U., Wapenaar, K., and Draganov, D., 2013, Estimating the location of a tunnel using correlation and inversion of Rayleigh-wave scattering: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, 6084-6088.
(78) Konstantaki, L.A., Draganov, D., Heimovaara, T., and Ghose, R., 2013, Imaging scatterers in landfills using seismic interferometry: Geophysics, Vol. 78 (6), EN107-EN116.
(77) Minato, S., Matsuoka, T., and Tsuji, T., 2013, Singular-value decomposition analysis of source illumination in seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution: Geophysics, Vol. 78 (3), Q25-Q34.
(76) Fricke, J.T., El Allouche, N., Simons, D.G., Ruigrok, E.N., Wapenaar, K., and Evers, L.G., 2013, Infrasonic interferometry of stratospherically refracted microbaroms - A numerical study: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 134 (4), 2660-2668. Copyright (2013) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. Online Abstract.
(75) Draganov, D., Campman, X., Thorbecke, J., Verdel, A., and Wapenaar, K., 2013, Seismic exploration-scale velocities and structure from ambient seismic noise (> 1 Hz): Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, Vol. 118, 4345-4360.
(74) Van der Neut, J., 2013, Downhole interferometric illumination diagnosis and balancing: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 61 (Suppl. 1), 352-367
(73) Hunziker, J., Slob, E., Fan, Y., Snieder, R., and Wapenaar, K., 2013, Electromagnetic interferometry in wavenumber and space domains in a layered earth: Geophysics, Vol. 78 (3), E137-E148.
(72) Harmankaya, U., Kaslilar, A., Thorbecke, J., Wapenaar, K., and Draganov, D., 2013, Locating near-surface scatterers using non-physical scattered waves resulting from seismic interferometry: Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 91, 66-81.
(71) Wapenaar, K., and Thorbecke, J., 2013, On the retrieval of the directional scattering matrix from directional noise: SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, Vol. 6 (1), 322-340.
(70) Van der Neut, J., and Herrmann, F., 2013, Interferometric redatuming by sparse inversion: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 192, 666-670.
(69) Draganov, D., Ghose, R., Heller, K., and Ruigrok, E., 2013, Monitoring changes in velocity and Q using non-physical arrivals in seismic interferometry: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 192, 699-709.
(68) Mikesell, T.D., van Wijk, K., Ruigrok, E., Lamb, A., and Blum, T.E., 2012, A modified delay-time method for statics estimation with the virtual refraction: Geophysics, Vol. 77 (6), A29-A33.
(67) Ruigrok, E., Draganov, D., Gomez, M., Ruzzante, J., Torres, D., Lopes Pumarega, I., Barbero, N., Ramires, A., Castano Ganan, A.R., van Wijk, K., and Wapenaar, K., 2012, Malargue seismic array: Design and deployment of the temporary array: European Physical Journal Plus, Vol. 127, 126.
(66) Draganov, D., Heller, K., and Ghose, R., 2012, Monitoring CO2 storage using ghost reflections retrieved from seismic interferometry: Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 11S, S35-S46.
(65) Ruigrok, E., Campman, X., and Wapenaar, K., 2012, Basin delineation with a 40-hour passive seismic record: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 102 (5), 2165-2176.
(64) Schoemaker, F.C., Grobbe, N., Schakel, M.D., de Ridder, S.A.L., Slob, E.C., and Smeulders, D.M.J., 2012, Experimental validation of the electrokinetic theory and development of seismoelectric interferometry by cross-correlation: International Journal of Geophysics, Vol. 2012, 514242.
(63) Hunziker, J., Slob, E., Fan, Y., Snieder, R., and Wapenaar, K., 2012, Two-dimensional controlled-source electromagnetic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution: spatial sampling aspects: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 60, 974-994.
(62) Poletto, F., Bellezza, C., Wapenaar, K., and Craglietto, A., 2012, Virtual signals combination - phase analysis for 2D and 3D data representation (acoustic medium): Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 60, 838-854.
(61) Wapenaar, K., van der Neut, J., and Thorbecke, J., 2012, On the relation between seismic interferometry and the simultaneous-source method: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 60, 802-823.
(60) Ruigrok, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2012, Global-phase seismic interferometry unveils P-wave reflectivity below the Himalayas and Tibet: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, L11303.
(59) Ruigrok, E., Mikesell, T.D., and van Wijk, K., 2012, Scanning for velocity anomalies in the crust and mantle with diffractions from the core-mantle boundary: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, L11301.
(58) Wapenaar, K., and Douma, H., 2012, A unified optical theorem for scalar and vectorial wave fields: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 131 (5), 3611-3626. Copyright (2012) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. Online Abstract.
(57) Wapenaar, K., van der Neut, J., and Thorbecke, J., 2012, Deblending by direct inversion: Geophysics, Vol. 77 (3), A9-A12. Bright spots column pdf-file.
(56) Halliday, D., Curtis, A., and Wapenaar, K., 2012, Generalized PP+PS=SS from seismic interferometry: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 189, 1015-1024.
(55) Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2012, Green's function extraction for interfaces with impedance boundary conditions: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, 351-359.
(54) Thorbecke, J.W., and Draganov, D., 2011, Finite-difference modeling experiments for seismic interferometry: Geophysics, Vol. 76 (6), H1-H18. Bright spots column pdf-file.
(53) Ruigrok, E., Campman, X., and Wapenaar, K., 2011, Extraction of P-wave reflections from microseisms: Comptes Rendus Geoscience, Vol. 343, 512-525.
(52) Slob, E., and Weiss, C.J., 2011, Lagrangian and energy forms for retrieving the impulse response of the Earth due to random electromagnetic forcing: Phys. Rev. E., Vol. 84 (2), 027601.
(51) Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., Drijkoningen, G., and Slob, E., 2011, Seismic imaging without a source: European Science & Technology, Vol. 11, 282-283. High-resolution page proof pdf-file
(50) Van der Neut, J., Tatanova, M., Thorbecke, J., Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2011, Deghosting, demultiple and deblurring in controlled-source seismic interferometry: International Journal of Geophysics, Vol. 2011, 870819.
(49) Van der Neut, J., Thorbecke, J., Mehta, K., Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2011, Controlled-source interferometric redatuming by crosscorrelation and multidimensional deconvolution in elastic media: Geophysics, Vol. 76 (4), SA63-SA76.
(48) Hunziker, J., Slob, E., Wapenaar, K., Fan, Y., and Snieder, R., 2011, Time-lapse controlled-source electromagnetics using interferometry: The Leading Edge, Vol. 30 (5), 564-567.
(47) Wapenaar, K., van der Neut, J., Ruigrok, E., Draganov, D., Hunziker, J., Slob, E., Thorbecke, J., and Snieder, R., 2011, Seismic interferometry by crosscorrelation and by multi-dimensional deconvolution: a systematic comparison: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 185, 1335-1364.
(46) Wapenaar, K., Ruigrok, E., van der Neut, J., and Draganov, D., 2011, Improved surface-wave retrieval from ambient seismic noise by multi-dimensional deconvolution: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, L01313.
(45) Minato, S., Matsuoka, T., Tsuji, T., Draganov, D., Hunziker, J., and Wapenaar, K., 2011, Seismic interferometry using multidimensional deconvolution and crosscorrelation for crosswell seismic reflection data without borehole sources: Geophysics, Vol. 76 (1), SA19-SA34.
(44) Wapenaar, K., and van der Neut, J., 2010, A representation for Green's function retrieval by multidimensional deconvolution: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 128 (6), EL366-EL371. Copyright (2010) Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. Online Abstract.
(43) Snieder, R., Fan, Y., Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2010, Equipartitioning is not sufficient for Green's function extraction: Earthquake Science, Vol. 23, 403-415.
(42) Wapenaar, K., Slob, E., Snieder, R., and Curtis, A., 2010, Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 2 - Underlying theory and new advances: Geophysics, Vol. 75, 75A211-75A227.
(41) Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., Snieder, R., Campman, X., and Verdel, A., 2010, Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 1 - Basic principles and applications: Geophysics, Vol. 75, 75A195-75A209.
(40) Ruigrok, E., Campman, X., Draganov, D., and Wapenaar, K., 2010, High-resolution lithospheric imaging with seismic interferometry: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 183, 339-357.
(39) Snieder, R., and Wapenaar, K., 2010, Imaging with ambient noise: Physics Today, Vol. 63 (9), 44-49. Copyright (2010) American Institute Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics.
(38) Snieder, R., Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2010, Lagrangian Green's function extraction, with applications to potential fields, diffusion, and acoustic waves: New Journal of Physics, Vol. 12, 063013-1 - 063013-24.
(37) Wapenaar, K., Slob, E., and Snieder, R., 2010, On seismic interferometry, the generalized optical theorem, and the scattering matrix of a point scatterer: Geophysics, Vol. 75, SA27-SA35.
(36) Slob, E., Snieder, R., and Revil, A., 2010, Retrieving electric resistivity data from self-potential measurements by cross-correlation: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, L04308-1 - L04308-5.
(35) Draganov, D., Ghose, R., Ruigrok, E., Thorbecke, J., and Wapenaar, K., 2010, Seismic interferometry, intrinsic losses and Q-estimation: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 58, 361-373.
(34) Draganov, D., Campman, X., Thorbecke, J., Verdel, A., and Wapenaar, K., 2009, Reflection images from ambient seismic noise: Geophysics, Vol. 74, A63-A67.
(33) de Ridder, S.A.L., Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2009, Interferometric seismoelectric Green's function representations: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 178, 1289-1304.
(32) Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2009, Retrieving the Green's function from cross correlation in a bianisotropic medium: Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER, Vol. 93, 255-274.
(31) Snieder, R., Sánchez-Sesma, F.J., and Wapenaar, K., 2009, Field fluctuations, imaging with backscattered waves, a generalized energy theorem, and the optical theorem: SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, Vol. 2 (2), 763-776.
(30) Snieder, R., Miyazawa, M., Slob, E., Vasconcelos, I., and Wapenaar, K., 2009, A comparison of strategies for seismic interferometry: Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 30, 503-523.
(29) van der Neut, J., and Bakulin, A., 2009, Estimating and correcting the amplitude radiation pattern of a virtual source: Geophysics, Vol. 74 (2), SI27-SI36.
(28) Slob, E., 2009, Interferometry by deconvolution of multicomponent multioffset GPR data: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 47 (3), 828-838.
(27) Poletto, F., and Wapenaar, K., 2009, Virtual reflector representation theorem (acoustic medium): J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 125 (4), EL111-EL116.
(26) Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2008, Practical representations of electromagnetic interferometry for GPR applications: a tutorial: Near Surface Geophysics, Vol. 6, 391-402.
(25) Wapenaar, K., van der Neut, J., and Ruigrok, E., 2008, Passive seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution: Geophysics, Vol. 73, A51-A56.

(24) Ruigrok, E., Draganov, D., and Wapenaar, K, 2008, Global-scale seismic interferometry: theory and numerical examples: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 56, 395-417.

(23) Wapenaar, K, Slob, E., and Snieder, R., 2008, Seismic and electromagnetic controlled-source interferometry in dissipative media: Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 56, 419-434.
(22) Thorbecke, J., and Wapenaar, K., 2007, On the relation between seismic interferometry and the migration resolution function: Geophysics, Vol. 72, T61-T66.
(21) Draganov, D., Wapenaar, K., Thorbecke, J., and Nishizawa, O., 2007, Retrieving reflection responses by crosscorrelating transmission responses from deterministic transient sources: Application to ultrasonic data: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 122 (5), EL172-EL178.
(20) Wapenaar, K., 2007, General representations for wavefield modeling and inversion in geophysics: Geophysics, Vol. 72, SM5-SM17.
(19) Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2007, GPR without a source: Cross-correlation and cross-convolution methods: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 45 (8), 2501-2510.
(18) Wapenaar, K., and Snieder, R., 2007, Chaos tamed: Nature, Vol. 447, 643. Back in the ring (Editor's Summary) html-link
(17) Slob, E., Draganov, D., and Wapenaar, K., 2007, Interferometric electromagnetic Green's functions representations using propagation invariants: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 169, 60-80.
(16) Slob, E., and Wapenaar, K., 2007, Electromagnetic Green's functions retrieval by cross-correlation and cross-convolution in media with losses: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, L05307-1 - L05307-5.
(15) Snieder, R., Wapenaar, K., and Wegler, U., 2007, Unified Green's function retrieval by cross-correlation; connection with energy principles: Phys. Rev. E., Vol. 75 (3), 036103-1 - 036103-14.
(14) Draganov, D., Wapenaar, K, Mulder, W., Singer, J., and Verdel, A., 2007, Retrieval of reflections from seismic background-noise measurements: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, L04305-1 - L04305-4.
(13) Wapenaar, K., Slob, E., and Snieder, R., 2006, Unified Green's function retrieval by cross-correlation: Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 97 (23), 234301-1 - 234301-4.
(12) Wapenaar, K., 2006, Green's function retrieval by cross-correlation in case of one-sided illumination: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, L19304-1 - L19304-6.
(11) Curtis, A., Gerstoft, P., Sato, H., Snieder, R., and Wapenaar, K., 2006, Seismic interferometry - turning noise into signal: The Leading Edge, Vol. 25 (9), 1082-1092. (Honorable mention for best paper in The Leading Edge, 2006)
(10) Wapenaar, K., 2006, Nonreciprocal Green's function retrieval by cross correlation: J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 120 (1), EL7-EL13.
(9) Draganov, D., Wapenaar, K., and Thorbecke, J., 2006, Seismic interferometry: reconstructing the earth's reflection response: Geophysics, Vol. 71, SI61-SI70.
(8) Snieder, R., Wapenaar, K., and Larner, K., 2006, Spurious multiples in seismic interferometry of primaries: Geophysics, Vol. 71, SI111-SI124.
(7) Wapenaar, K., and Fokkema, J., 2006, Green's function representations for seismic interferometry: Geophysics, Vol. 71, SI33-SI46. (Best paper award, Geophysics, 2006) (Most cited paper in Geophysics 2005-2010) (Classic Paper)
(6) Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., and Robertsson, J.O.A., 2006, Introduction to the special issue on seismic interferometry: Geophysics, Vol. 71, SI1-SI4. Bright spots column pdf-file.
(5) Wapenaar, K., Fokkema, J., and Snieder, R., 2005, Retrieving the Green's function in an open system by cross-correlation: a comparison of approaches (L): J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 118 (5), 2783-2786.
(4) Wapenaar, K., 2004, Retrieving the elastodynamic Green's function of an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium by cross correlation: Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 93 (25), 254301-1 - 254301-4.
(3) Wapenaar, K., Thorbecke, J., and Draganov, D., 2004, Relations between reflection and transmission responses of 3-D inhomogeneous media: Geoph. J. Int., Vol. 156, 179-194. ( Listed on: 100 influential papers from Geophysical Journal International)
(2) Draganov, D, Wapenaar, K., and Thorbecke, J., 2004, Passive seismic imaging in the presence of white noise sources: The Leading Edge, Vol. 23 (9), p 889-892.
(1) Wapenaar, K., 2003, Synthesis of an inhomogeneous medium from its acoustic transmission response: Geophysics, Vol. 68, 1756-1759.

Reprint book on Seismic Interferometry

Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., and Robertsson, J., (Editors) 2008, Seismic interferometry: History and present status: Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Geophysics Reprint Series No. 26, ISBN 978-1-56080-150-4.

Other related publications

Wapenaar, K., Fokkema, J., Dillen, M. and Scherpenhuijsen, P., 2000, One-way acoustic reciprocity and its applications in multiple elimination and time-lapse seismics, 70th annual SEG meeting, Calgary, 2377-2380, pdf-file
Wapenaar, K., and Verschuur, E., 1996, Processing of ocean bottom data, Delphi, Acquisition and Processing project, Chapter 6 pdf-file
Kees Wapenaar
Page last modified: March 2021